We are beginning the commemoration of the 250th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. It may be interesting to recall how New York celebrated in the past, including the Bicentennial (reviewed in a previous post) and the Sesquicentennial a century ago. [Read more…] about New York and the United States 1926 Sesquicentennial
Conservation Department
How The New Deal Helped Ignite Interest in American Skiing
Following the stock market crash of October 1929, an economic malady gripped the United States and much of the world, lasting several years. Loss of employment created excessive hardships, limiting even basic necessities of life.
The President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had previously been the two-term Governor of New York State, developed a composite plan to help citizens cope with the financial disaster and provide jobs, commonly known as “The New Deal.”
The ambitious program was multi-faceted, with one face being the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps (C.C.C.) established in 1933, where young men were organized into military style labor, housed in barracks at remote locations. [Read more…] about How The New Deal Helped Ignite Interest in American Skiing
Prospect Mountain: An Environmental History of a Lake George Attraction
After the Million Dollar Beach and the Adirondack Northway came the Prospect Mountain Highway. The last of Lake George’s three great public infrastructure projects, it was completed in 1969 and opened on June 14 of that year. In other words, at the end of the 1960s. The Age of the Automobile was giving way to the Age of Aquarius.
The modernist building that was to be the project’s literal and figurative crown, its vertex – the so-called Summit House – was never built, a victim, perhaps, of the public’s disenchantment with automobiles, grandiose public projects and even with government itself. [Read more…] about Prospect Mountain: An Environmental History of a Lake George Attraction
Norm Van Valkenburgh: Catskill and Adirondack Conservation Champion
Norman J. (Norm) Van Valkenburgh has slipped his earthly bonds. Of this remarkable Catskill native and champion of the public’s wild forests and wildernesses, I can locate no obituary, only a death notice of Norm’s passing in July 2023 in Orono, Maine at the age of 92 or 93. I join many in saying “I miss him.” He influenced me a lot.
Norm, surveyor, administrator, and advocate for the Adirondack and Catskill Forest Preserve, was one consequential state employee because through his conservation work he altered the landscapes of both the Adirondacks and the Catskills for the better. Moreover, Norm wrote part of that history – found in detailed books and articles devoted to the Forest Preserve. Norm was
a stickler for accuracy in his writing and surveying. [Read more…] about Norm Van Valkenburgh: Catskill and Adirondack Conservation Champion
Twitchell’s Troubled Waters: Adirondack Water Quality History
As heir to a log cabin in the Adirondacks, I have caught myself imagining the mile-high glacier that carved out its lake and melted to fill it with crystal pure water. The scrape marks on outcrops of stone here and there in the forest remain as testimony to that primeval event.
Big Moose’s Twitchell Lake became host to a native population of brook trout that sportsmen in the 1860s and following decades measured by the pound rather than the inch. But my summers in the 1950s bring up a very different image, water unfit to drink or even swim in, laced with dangerous e. Coli bacteria and a dumping ground for used-up appliances. This essay will tell the story of “troubled waters” and one lake community’s painstaking quest for good water quality. [Read more…] about Twitchell’s Troubled Waters: Adirondack Water Quality History
George Pratt, Lake George’s ‘Mohawk Warrior’ & Saratoga Springs
I was pleased to recently learn through the New York Almanack and Lake George Mirror about the planned restoration of historic sculptures at the Lake George Battlefield Park.
I have a special interest in the “Mohawk Warrior” sculpture produced by Alexander Phimister Proctor and the unique history surrounding this monumental work.
This sculpture was a gift from George D. Pratt, who commissioned the artist. Interestingly, the sculpture was conceived as a component of the planned conception for the New York State Reservation in Saratoga Springs (now known as Saratoga Spa State Park). [Read more…] about George Pratt, Lake George’s ‘Mohawk Warrior’ & Saratoga Springs
Robert Moses’ Lake George Park Commission Opposition Began his Downfall
Inside the Blue Line of the Adirondack Park, only John Brown’s Farm and the Crown Point ruins are managed by the Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (State Parks). All other public lands and amenities – camp grounds, picnic areas, hiking trails and lean-tos, camping islands – fall under the supervision of the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC).
Wint Aldrich, a Deputy Commissioner for Historic Preservation at Parks through four administrations, once explained that anomaly to me. “The Conservation Department [precursor to DEC] didn’t want Robert Moses anywhere near the Forest Preserve,” Aldrich said. [Read more…] about Robert Moses’ Lake George Park Commission Opposition Began his Downfall
State Parks History: From Nelson Rockefeller to George Pataki
One of the most influential families in New York and American history, the Rockefellers had a deep interest in conservation. In 1959, Nelson Rockefeller, son of John Rockefeller Jr., was elected as New York’s governor, introducing an era which would come to be known as the Rockefeller Period.
During this period, New York State Parks would undergo significant changes and one of its most rapid periods of expansion since its inception. [Read more…] about State Parks History: From Nelson Rockefeller to George Pataki
The 1948 Lake George Shark-Propelled Boat Incident
For over a decade, scientists, environmentalists, and local and state government officials have been challenged by the invasion of Golden Clams into Lake George. However, in the summer of 1948, a renowned marathon swimmer, Frenchman Paul Chotteau (1898–1963), tried to introduce another invasive species, a shark, into the “Queen of American Lakes.”
In August 1948, Chotteau contacted Warren County Sheriff Edgar J. Baker asking permission to try out a shark-powered pontoon boat which the distance swimmer had designed. [Read more…] about The 1948 Lake George Shark-Propelled Boat Incident
New York Turkey Numbers Higher, Still Below Historic Levels
Eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are native to New York State and are believed to have been in North America before humans inhabited the continent, though their history within New York is checkered.
Wild turkeys occupied New York State when it was first colonized by Europeans. However, they lost much of their habitat when local forests were cleared by settlers for timber and to create farmland. Between habitat loss and unregulated hunting, most of the wild turkeys in New York were exterminated by the mid-1840s. [Read more…] about New York Turkey Numbers Higher, Still Below Historic Levels
The Story of Fishing in New York: A 1960s Conservation Department Film
The Story of Fishing in New York is a short documentary made in the early-1960s by the New York State Department of Conservation’s predecessor, The Conservation Department, then under the leadership of Harold G. Wilm (1907-19??, Commissioner from 1959 to 1966). [Read more…] about The Story of Fishing in New York: A 1960s Conservation Department Film
A Tribute to Conservationist Charlie Morrison, 1928-2024
I don’t feel old but when most of my youth’s teachers and mentors have passed on, I know I’ve arrived. When it comes to the Adirondacks and the “forever wild” provision of our state constitution, a number of us just lost a great, very determined, and very influential teacher in that field of green. [Read more…] about A Tribute to Conservationist Charlie Morrison, 1928-2024
The First Adirondack Conservation Easement
DEC and APA websites reveal that 777,206 acres of private land in the Adirondack Park are protected in some fashion by a state-owned conservation easement.
During the Adirondack Park Centennial year of 1992 there were 93,000 acres of private lands under state-owned easement in the Park. [Read more…] about The First Adirondack Conservation Easement
How Snowmobilers Won Their Special Privileges To Ride On Forever Wild Lands
When snowmobiling arrived in the Adirondacks in the mid-1960s, the question of where to ride became the single most important issue faced by both new sled owners and advocates for the protection of the wild character of the Adirondack Forest Preserve.
As a result of efforts by the state’s Conservation Department and lobbying by the snowmobile industry, snowmobilers are today wildly over-represented in terms of access to trails. Although they represent less than 1% of the 7-10 million people who visit the Adirondacks each year, there are currently at least 3 to 4 thousand miles of snowmobile trails in the Adirondack Park,* compared to about 5,000 miles of roads. How this happened is a story that began 50 years ago with what is known as the Wilm Directive. [Read more…] about How Snowmobilers Won Their Special Privileges To Ride On Forever Wild Lands
Tent Platforms: A History of Personal Forest Preserve Leases
Many years ago I paddled past what appeared to be many rather unnatural clearings on Long Pond in the St. Regis Canoe Area. Here and there, partially underwater, I saw a piece of water pipe or an old rusty dock support. They are the remains of tent platform sites.
These camps on “forever wild” New York State Adirondack Forest Preserve lands were built with leases to private individuals. [Read more…] about Tent Platforms: A History of Personal Forest Preserve Leases
How The Adirondack Forest Preserve Was Motorized
The establishment of the Adirondack Forest Preserve in 1885 was part of growing American appreciation of a back to nature ethic. By the time of the First World War, according to historian Paul Sutter: “Americans produced and consumed voluminous literature on natural and wild themes; they built vacation homes and camps; they initiated a wide variety of programs in scouting and woodcraft; they developed a distinctive hunting culture and ethos; they adopted nature study as a prominent hobby; and the embraced the ‘strenuous life’ that could be found only in the ‘great outdoors.’” [Read more…] about How The Adirondack Forest Preserve Was Motorized
The Fracking Report In Historical Perspective
Governor Andrew Cuomo’s decision in December to ban the use of hydrofracking in New York State was politically astute. The governor asserted he is merely following the recommendations in a new report from the State Health Department, A Public Review of High Volume Hydraulic Fracturing for Shale Gas Development. [Read more…] about The Fracking Report In Historical Perspective