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Civil Rights

Franklin Williams: An Unsung Civil Rights Hero

January 2, 2023 by Guest Contributor Leave a Comment

Franklin WilliamsLarger-than-life figures such as Thurgood Marshall and Martin Luther King and, going back further, Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Booker T. Washington, functioned as the “celebrities” of the equal rights movement, the public face of the crusade for racial justice.

But outside the spotlight, “bridge figures” such as New Yorker Franklin H. Williams — men and woman unencumbered by the sometimes blinding “star quality” of the Kings and Marshalls while also shunning the divisive tactics of militants such as Bobby Seale, Huey Newton, and Malcolm X — made enormous but often underappreciated contributions. [Read more…] about Franklin Williams: An Unsung Civil Rights Hero

Filed Under: History, New York City Tagged With: Black History, Civil Rights, Jim Crow Laws, John F. Kennedy, Legal History, Lyndon Johnson, NAACP, New York City, New York State Archives, Peace Corps, Political History, Queens, Supreme Court, Thurgood Marshall

Sandra Adickes: New York City Teacher and Civil Rights Activist

December 19, 2022 by Alan J. Singer 2 Comments

Sandra Adickes teaching at Benjamin Franklin High SchoolOn June 25, 1964, The New York Times reported that thirty New York City public school teachers, most of them women, young, and white, would travel to rural Mississippi to teach African American children in 10th, 11th, and 12th grades for six weeks. While in Mississippi the teachers would live in the homes of Black families and join the families on Sundays in “Negro churches.”

On June 30, 1964, at the end of the school year, eight New York City teachers boarded a bus bound for Memphis, Tennessee where they would receive training before continuing on to Mississippi. Another 23 New York City teachers were expected to join them. [Read more…] about Sandra Adickes: New York City Teacher and Civil Rights Activist

Filed Under: History, New York City Tagged With: Black History, Civil Rights, Education, Harlem, Legal History, New York City, Political History, Supreme Court

The Grimkes: The Legacy of Slavery in an American Family

December 11, 2022 by Editorial Staff Leave a Comment

the grimkesSarah and Angelina Grimke are revered figures in American history, famous for rejecting their privileged lives on a plantation in South Carolina to become firebrand activists in the North. Yet retellings of their epic story have long obscured their Black relatives. [Read more…] about The Grimkes: The Legacy of Slavery in an American Family

Filed Under: Books, Events, History Tagged With: Abolition, Black History, Boston, Civil Rights, Harlem, Harlem Renaissance, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Historical Society, New York City, Slavery

Marsha P Johnson State Park Gateway Design Unveiled

December 9, 2022 by Editorial Staff Leave a Comment

gateway to Marsha P. Johnson State ParkThe preliminary design for a new gateway to Marsha P. Johnson State Park in Brooklyn was unveiled this summer. The park honors Marsha P. Johnson, a transgender woman of color who was a pioneer of the LGBTQ+ civil rights movement. [Read more…] about Marsha P Johnson State Park Gateway Design Unveiled

Filed Under: History, New York City, Recreation Tagged With: Black History, Brooklyn, Civil Rights, East River, Greenwich Village, Landscape Architecture, LGBTQ, Manhattan, Marsha P. Johnson State Park, New York City, Political History, Williamsburg

Ferguson Brothers Lynchings on Long Island: A Civil Rights Catalyst

October 30, 2022 by Alan J. Singer 4 Comments

Charles Ferguson’s enlistment picture into the Army Air Corps, 1941.In a book dedicated to Wilfred Ferguson, the son of Charles Ferguson, teacher and historian Christopher Verga resurrects the story of two Roosevelt, New York brothers killed by a Freeport police officer in 1946.

Verga opens The Ferguson Brothers Lynchings on Long Island: A Civil Rights Catalyst (History Press, 2022) with an account of the long history of racism on Long Island and in the Freeport area including Ku Klux Klan activity. The background to the 1946 killings takes up the first third of the book. The book is well researched and referenced with extended quotes from official court documents and newspaper accounts. [Read more…] about Ferguson Brothers Lynchings on Long Island: A Civil Rights Catalyst

Filed Under: Books, History, New York City Tagged With: Black History, Civil Rights, Crime and Justice, Freeport, Ku Klux Klan, Legal History, Long Island, Nassau County, Political History, Thomas Dewey

Benjamin Franklin Butler: A Noisy, Fearless Life

October 18, 2022 by Editorial Staff Leave a Comment

Benjamin Franklin Butler A Noisy, Fearless LifeBenjamin Franklin Butler was one of the most important and controversial military and political leaders of the Civil War and Reconstruction eras.

In her new biography, Benjamin Franklin Butler: A Noisy, Fearless Life (Univ. of North Carolina Press, 2022), Elizabeth D. Leonard chronicles Butler’s successful career in the law defending the rights of the Lowell Mill girls and other workers, his achievements as one of Abraham Lincoln’s premier civilian generals, and his role in developing wartime policy in support of fugitives from enslavement as the nation advanced toward emancipation. [Read more…] about Benjamin Franklin Butler: A Noisy, Fearless Life

Filed Under: Books, Events, History Tagged With: Abolition, Andrew Johnson, Civil Rights, Civil War, Ku Klux Klan, Labor History, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Historical Society, Military History, Political History, Reconstruction, Slavery, Underground Railroad

Beaten & Burned Out: Welsh Anti-Slavery Hero Robert Everett

September 14, 2022 by Editorial Staff Leave a Comment

Rev. Robert EverettRev. Robert Everett was a Welsh-American who came to Oneida County, NY in 1823 from Wales. He very quickly became involved in the anti-slavery movement. In 1835, Utica was selected as the site for the first New York State Anti-Slavery Convention.

The meeting was broken up by an angry mob. From Utica Everett was forced to move several times as his church services were often interrupted by people who continued to support slavery. He was physically assaulted while preaching and had his horse injured and home burned down by pro-slavery activists. [Read more…] about Beaten & Burned Out: Welsh Anti-Slavery Hero Robert Everett

Filed Under: History, Western NY Tagged With: Abolition, Civil Rights, Civil War, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Liberty Party, National Abolition Hall of Fame, Oneida County, Political History, Publishing, Religious History, Remsen, Slavery, Stueben, Underground Railroad, Utica, Welsh Immigrants, Whitesboro

Harlem on Fire: Langston Hughes & Wallace Henry Thurman

July 26, 2022 by Jaap Harskamp 3 Comments

Ad for Hotel OlgaBefore the arrival of European settlers, the flatland area that would become Harlem (originally: Nieuw Haarlem after the Dutch city of that name) was inhabited by the indigenous Munsee speakers, the Lenape. The first settlers from the Low Countries arrived in the late 1630s.

Harlem was an agricultural center under British rule (attempts to change the name of the community to “Lancaster” failed and the authorities reluctantly adopted the Anglicised name of Harlem). During the American Revolutionary War in September 1776 it was the site of the Battle of Harlem Heights. Later, rich elites built country houses there in order to escape from the city’s dirt and epidemics (Alexander Hamilton built his Harlem estate in 1802). [Read more…] about Harlem on Fire: Langston Hughes & Wallace Henry Thurman

Filed Under: Arts, History, New York City Tagged With: Black History, Civil Rights, Cultural History, French History, Harlem, Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes, LGBTQ, Literature, Music, Musical History, New York City, Performing Arts, Poetry

Schenectady Black History & Barber John Wendell

June 14, 2022 by Guest Contributor Leave a Comment

black barber shaves the face of a lounging white man in a barber shopIn the early 19th century, Schenectady played host to a distinctly American process through which hundreds of Black people gained their freedom. Although Schenectady County had a small enclave of free African Americans into the late colonial period, the overwhelming majority of Black Schenectadians were enslaved.

As New York State legislation gradually abolished the institution of slavery by 1827, many Black Schenectadians had to confront a new reality in which they were legally independent, but by no means legally equal.

One of these people was John Wendell [Jr.] whose birth remains shrouded in mystery. [Read more…] about Schenectady Black History & Barber John Wendell

Filed Under: Capital-Saratoga, History Tagged With: Abolition, Albany, Albany County, Black History, Civil Rights, Labor History, Schenectady, Schenectady County, Schenectady County Historical Society, Social History, Voting Rights

The 1883 Civil Rights Cases, the 14th Amendment, and Jim Crow New York

May 31, 2022 by Alan J. Singer 3 Comments

New York Times headline, November 25, 1879, pg. 8The United States Supreme Court is now poised to overturn Roe v. Wade. In a draft opinion, Justice Samuel Alito described the 1973 7-2 Court decision as an over-extended application of the federal government’s 14th Amendment responsibility to protect the right of citizens to due process and equal protection of the law. He argued “Roe was egregiously wrong from the start.”

The Supreme Court took a similar position on the 14th Amendment in the 1883 Civil Rights Cases when an earlier conservative majority declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional, effectively ending the post-Civil War Reconstruction era and ushering in 100 years of state and local Jim Crow segregation laws.

In the Civil Rights Cases, the Supreme Court consolidated four challenged to the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act. One of the cases, U.S. v. Singleton, involved the refusal by a New York theater to admit an African American patron who had purchased a ticket. [Read more…] about The 1883 Civil Rights Cases, the 14th Amendment, and Jim Crow New York

Filed Under: Arts, History, New York City Tagged With: Black History, Civil Rights, Legal History, New York City, Political History, politics, Theatre

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